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''Lactarius turpis'' (also ''L. plumbeus'' or ''L. necator'')〔See the entry in (Index Fungorum ) for the current name and synonyms.〕 is commonly known as the Ugly Milk-cap in English. It is found naturally in Europe and Siberia, and has been introduced to Australia and New Zealand. While especially associated with birch, it is also found with spruce, pine and other trees in mixed woodland. The messy, dirty appearance, seen in the photograph, is characteristic of the species and gives it its English name and the Latin species epithet, ''turpis''. It seems to collect debris on top and the gills acquire a dirty brownish stain due to discoloured milk. ==Taxonomy and naming== This very variable mushroom demonstrates a common phenomenon in mycology as there is much disagreement over naming. The three main scientific designations: *''Lactarius turpis'' Fr., *''Lactarius necator'' (Bull.:Fr.) Karsten, and *''Lactarius plumbeus'' (Bull.:Fr.) S. F. Gray, are usually,〔 but not always, considered to be synonyms for same species. The epithets ''necator'' and ''plumbeus'' were both coined by Pierre Bulliard as ''Agaricus necator'' (1791) and ''Agaricus plumbeus'' (1793), but there is and was confusion as to which mushrooms were meant. The name ''turpis'', derived from the latin term ''turpis'' "ugly", was originated by Johann Anton Weinmann and taken over by Elias Magnus Fries in 1838.〔 ''Plumbeus'' too referred to the milk-cap's appearance, derived from the Latin for ''plumbeus'' "lead-coloured". 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Lactarius turpis」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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